Textiles are made of organic and
synthetic materials.
Textiles are made from many materials, with four main sources: animal (wool, silk), plant (cotton, flax, jute, bamboo), mineral (asbestos, glass fibre), and synthetic (nylon, polyester, acrylic, rayon). The first three are natural.
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| Silk mixed with cotton Fabrics. |
Nylon, the first synthetic fiber in the "fully synthetic" sense of that term, was developed by Wallace Carothers, an American researcher at the chemical firm DuPont in the 1930s.
Synthetic polyester is made using a chemical reaction involving coal, petroleum, air and water. Polyester is made up of purified terephthalic acid (PTS) or its dimethyl ester dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) and monotheluene glycol (MEG).
Advantages and Disadvantages of Synthetic Fabrics
Advantages:
Do not wrinkle easily.
Generally more durable,
less expensive.
More readily available than
those made of natural fibres.
Most synthetic fibres can
handle heavy loads without breaking.
Disadvantages:
The mono-fibers do not
trap air pockets like cotton and provide poor insulation.
Synthetic fibers burn
more rapidly than natural.
Prone to heat damage.
Melt relatively easily.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Natural fabrics
Advantages:
They're created without toxins or unnatural processes.
There are no allergies, skin sensitiveness from wearing organic clothing.
The fabrics are biodegradable.
Disadvantages:
- The strength of natural fibers is very less as compared to synthetic fibers.
- Natural fibers can be damaged by moths and other insects.
- These fibers are not long lasting and hence not durable.
- These fibers are not wrinkle-free.
Textile mill meaning
A textile mill is a manufacturing facility where different types of fibers such as yarn or fabric are produced and processed into usable products. This could be apparel, sheets, towels, textile bags, and many more.
Handloom production.
Yarn is colored / dyed in the hank form. Yarn dyeing for handlooms is a
crucial pre loom activity. Natural and chemical colorants are used to dye
hanks. The dyes are sourced from nature in Indian textiles.Indigo is a natural dye from leaves of the plant Indigoferra Tinctoria
which is fermented to obtain the Indigo cakes or powder.
The peel of Pomegranate (Anaar) gives yellow color
The root of Madder plant (Manjishta) gives red.It is an eco-friendly process with very less use of
chemicals.
Hank meaning in textile industry
In the textile industry, a hank is a coiled or wrapped unit of yarn or twine. A hank of cotton or of the spun silk made from short lengths of waste silk is 840 yards (770 m) long.
Wood blocks to print designs on woven cloth.
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| Carved Wooden Block(Ajrakh) |
Ajrakh block print of Gujarat and Bagru mud resist print of Jaipur are some
of the famous hand printed textile techniques using natural dyes and wooden
blocks to create patterns. The hand-painted natural dyes in the form of
paintings were also famous from India. The water waste from these industries is
not harmful for environment and for the workers involved in the dyeing process.
The natural source dyes are skin friendly as well as impart health properties
to the wearer as these natural compounds are anti-fungal and anti-bacterial in
nature.Dangers faced by workers in textile industry.
Due to possible pinch points on the front of machines, loose, baggy
clothing is prohibited. One complication for weavers, in the terms of safety,
is the loud nature in which weave mills operate. This constant loud noise hearing it daily causes headaches, loss of hearing. Workers hair must be tied in neat bun for ladies and for men the hair must be short. Loose hair dangling will get entangled in the looms and will cause injuries.
Harmful
effects of working inTextile industry.
Textile production impacts the environment in many
ways. Textile dyeing,
printing, and finishing processes often use poisonous chemicals like arsenic,
formaldehyde, lead, and mercury. This effects the health of the workers who are working in the textile industry.
The workers suffer from lung-related disease, this stands first in the row of occupational hazards in the textile industry. The workers are highly exposed to specks of dust from various materials like wool, cotton, flax and a few other materials which can occur during various processes that are carried out in the textile industries.At the time of inhalation, these dust particles travel through the respiratory tract and enter the lung causing serious damage. Apart from this the workers also suffer from reproduction system disorder, noise-induced hearing loss, heart-related and vision-related diseases.
Farms that grow crops like cotton use lots of water
and spray their plants with harmful substances like herbicides and pesticides. This is harmful. Soil gets contaminated.
Eco-Friendly Farming.
Organic cotton
crop does not use harmful chemicals like synthetic fertilizers or pesticides.
As a result, it doesn't poison the water, soil or air, and is even beneficial
to the environment.
Indigenous cotton crop of Kutch region in Gujarat uses
only rain water and natural manure from animal droppings. This is called as
―Kala Cotton and has seen a revival in recent decades.
Specialty of Kala cotton
The crops of Kala cotton are entirely rain-fed; it does not need a huge quantity of water in order to grow. On an average basis, Kutch receives around 300 - 400 mm of rain every year, which is sufficient to cultivate Kala cotton.
To grow, it does not require any fertilizer or pesticides which makes it eco-friendly by default. Kala Cotton plant is extremely weather resistant, even during bad weather conditions, Kala cotton’s quality remains the same.
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